Windows 11 System Requirements

Note:  This article explains the minimum system requirements for running Windows 11 on a PC. Minimum system requirements are designed to provide a great computing experience across a variety of devices, now and into the future. Specific features plus apps and hardware that you add to your PC may exceed these minimum requirements. Windows provides additional information on some feature-specific requirements on the Windows 11 specifications page. For more details on additional requirements for your apps or hardware, you should check with the specific publisher or manufacturer. 

Windows 11 is designed to bring you closer to what you love and is released at a time when the PC is playing an ever more central role in the way we connect, create and play. When we made the decision on where to set the minimum system requirements for Window 11, we focused on three principles to guide our thinking to help ensure a great user experience:  

• Reliability

• Security

• Compatibility

If you are interested in understanding more about our minimum system requirements and how these principles helped guide our decision-making, please see this blog that provides a more detailed explanation of our approach.

Minimum System Requirements and your PC

These are the minimum system requirements your PC must meet to help enable a great computing experience: 

• Processors/CPUs (Central Processing Units): 1 GHz or faster with 2 or more cores and appearing on our list of approved CPUs. The processor in your PC will be the main determining factor for running Windows 11. The clock speed (the 1 GHz or faster requirement) and a number of cores (2 or more) are inherent to the processor design as it was manufactured and are not considered upgradeable components.

• RAM: 4 GB. If your PC has less than 4GB of memory, there are sometimes options for upgrading to get additional RAM. You may want to consult your PC manufacturer’s website or with a retailer to see if there are easy and affordable options to meet the minimum requirements for Windows 11.  

  Storage: 64 GB or larger storage device. If your PC does not have a large enough storage drive, there are sometimes options for upgrading the drive. You may want to consult your PC manufacturer’s website or with a retailer to see if there are easy and affordable options to meet the minimum requirements for Windows 11.   

  System Firmware: UEFI (for Unified Extensible Firmware Interface, a modern version of the PC BIOS) and Secure Boot capable. If your device does not meet the minimum requirements because it is not Secure Boot capable, you may want to read this article to see if there are steps you can take to enable this. Secure Boot can only be enabled with UEFI and this article helps you understand potential options to change settings to make this possible. 

  TPM: Trusted Platform Module (TPM) version 2.0. If your device does not meet the minimum requirements because of TPM, you may want to read this article to see if there are steps you can take to remediate this. 

  Graphics Card: Compatible with DirectX 12 or later with WDDM 2.0 driver.

  Display: High definition (720p) display that is greater than 9” diagonally, 8 bits per color channel. If your screen size is less than 9”, the intended user interface of Windows may not be fully visible. 

  Internet Connectivity and Microsoft Accounts: Windows 11 Home edition requires internet connectivity and a Microsoft Account to complete device setup on first use. 

• Windows Version for Upgrade:  Your device must be running Windows 10, version 2004 or later, to upgrade through Windows Update. Free updates are available through Windows Update in Settings > Update and Security.

Upgrade Specific Requirements for S Mode

For Windows 10 Pro, Education, and Enterprise, S mode is no longer available in Windows 11. Users who want to upgrade to Windows 11 will need to switch out of S mode and will not have an option to switch back again. Windows 10 Home can upgrade to Windows 11 Home in S mode without needing to switch out of S mode. 

Instructions for switching out of S mode (to be completed before attempting to upgrade):  

1. On your PC running Windows 10 in S mode, open Settings > Update & Security > Activation.

2. Find the Switch to Windows 10 Home or Switch to Windows 10 Pro section, then select the Go to the Store link.

   Note: Don't select the link under Upgrade your edition of Windows. That's a different process that will keep you in S mode.

3. On the page that appears in the Microsoft Store (Switch out of S mode or a similar page), select the Get button. After you confirm this action, you'll be able to install apps from outside the Microsoft Store.

Assessing Upgrade Eligibility

We know that some customers will want an easy-to-use process for determining if their PC meets the minimum system requirements for Windows 11 and is eligible for the upgrade. To help with this, we are providing the PC Health Check app for Windows 10 PCs. In addition to diagnostic checks, there is a push-button simple way to check upgrade eligibility for Windows 11. Once Windows 11 is released, Windows Update will also offer a way to assess upgrade eligibility. You will be able to access this from Settings > Update & Security. These options are designed for customer PCs that are not managed by an IT administrator. If your PC is managed by an IT administrator, you should check with them on options for assessing eligibility and upgrading to Windows 11.  

Important: With any of these scenarios where you are making changes to your PC to make it eligible to upgrade, we recommend you wait to upgrade until Windows Update lets you know that Windows 11 is ready for your device. 

For those who ultimately are not able to upgrade their existing PC to Windows 11 due to device ineligibility and are not ready to transition to a new device, Windows 10 remains the right choice. Windows 10 will still be supported through October 14, 2025, and we recently announced that the next feature update to Windows 10 is coming later this year. 

Glossary of Buddhist words

 Glossary

1. Buddha
   The founder of Buddhism, Siddhartha Gautama, after his enlightenment. It is a title which means the enlightened or awakened one.
2. CE
   Common Era.
3. chant
   Repeating religious phrases or quotations from sacred texts.
4. conscience
   An inner sense (or 'voice') which communicates what is right or wrong in one's behaviour.
5. Dhammapada
   The most famous of the Buddhist scriptures in the West, with 423 verses in the Pali canon.
6. dharma
   This word has various meanings which have to be understood from the context in which it is used. It can mean religious duty. In Buddhism it is most widely used to mean the Buddha’s teaching. It can also mean ‘the truth’.
7. enlightenment
   The realisation of the truth about life. In Buddhism it releases a person from the cycle of rebirth.
8. founder
   The person who is regarded as founding or starting a religion, eg Jesus was the founder of Christianity; the Buddha was the founder of Buddhism.
9. Jakata Tales (Jakata stories)
   A large collection of writings about the Buddha's previous lives. It is part of the Pali Canon.
10. Kalama Sutta
    A Buddhist scripture.
11. Kalamas
    The people of Kesaputta who are being taught the Kalama Sutta by the Buddha.
12. lay community
    People of the community who are not ordained; those who are not priests, monks or nuns.
13. Mahayana
    Teachings that spread from India into Tibet, parts of Asia and the Far East, characterised by the Bodhisatta ideal and the teaching of ‘emptiness’.
14. Mahayana sutras
    Sacred Buddhist scriptures.
15. meditation
    Thinking quietly as a spiritual or religious exercise. Connection of the mind and soul with the Divine using breathing and other techniques. In Buddhism, using one of a set of techniques or exercises for calming the mind, developing positive emotions and understanding the way things are.
16. monk
    A person who is a member of a monastic order, living under religious obedience.
17. nun
    A member of a religious community of women, living under communal rules.
18. ordained
    To become a member of the clergy in a religious ceremony. To take vows as a monk or nun.
19. rational thinking
    Using reason and evidence to think through an issue and make a decision.
20. Sangha
    The Buddhist community of practitioners, usually used to mean the community of monks.
21. Sanskrit
    An ancient language that is the root of most Indian languages.
22. scripture(s)
    A piece of writing that has religious significance.
23. sources of authority
    Religious texts or bodies responsible for guiding people on how to live.
24. sutras
    A Buddhist scripture.
25. Theravada
    Meaning ‘teachings of the elders'. It is primarily focused on the Arhat path to enlightenment. This branch of Buddhism can be found in Sri Lanka and South East Asia.
26. Three Refuges
    The three most important features of the Buddhist life, recited as an expression of belief and commitment: I take refuge in the Buddha, I take refuge in the Sangha, I take refuge in the dhamma (teaching).
27. Tibetan Buddhism
    Buddhism originating in Tibet. The Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism.
28. tradition
    The beliefs, teachings and behaviour of a group. It may include scripture, oral teachings, laws and ritual practices.
29. Tripitaka
    Three baskets. A threefold collection of Buddhist texts (Vinaya, Sutta, Abhidhamma).

3 Pitakas

 Sutta Pitaka

Vinaya Pitaka

Abhidhammapitaka

Sutta Pitaka

It contains over 10 thousand suttas or sutras related to Buddha and his close companions. This also deals with the first Buddhist council which was held shortly after Buddha’s death, dated by the majority of recent scholars around 400 BC, under the patronage of king Ajatasatru with the monk Mahakasyapa presiding, at Rajgir.

Its sections are:

1. Digha Nikaya: Comprises the “long” discourses in 34 long sutras.
2. Majjhima Nikaya: Comprises the “middle-length” discourses in 152 sutras.
3. Samyutta Nikaya: Comprises the “connected” discourses in over 2800 sutras.
4. Anguttara Nikaya: Comprises the “numerical” discourses in over 9600sutras.
5. Khuddaka Nikaya: Comprises the “minor collection” It has 15-17 booklets. (Thai 15. Sinhali 17 & Burmese 18 booklets).

Vinaya Pitaka

The subject matter of Vinay Pitaka is the monastic rules for monks and nuns. It can also be called as Book of Discipline.

• Suttavibhanga: The basic code of Monastic discipline is known as It contains 227 rules for fully ordained Monks called bikkhus (Maha vibhanga) and 311 rules for fully ordained nuns called Bikkhunis (Bikkhuni Vibhanga) They are contained in Suttavibhanga, one of the parts of Vinay Pitaka.
• Khandhaka:Khandhaka is the second book of Vinay Pitaka. It has two volumes viz. Mahavagga and Cullavagga. Mahavagga deals with the awakening of Buddha and his great disciples. Cullavagga deals with the first and second Buddhist councils and establishments of community of Buddhist nuns and rules for Buddhist community.
• Parivara: Parivara is the last book of Vinaya Pitaka. It covers the summary of analysis of rules mentioned in first two books of Vinay Pitaka. Its is latest book and seems to be later than the Fourth Buddhist Coincil in Ceylon. It also contains questions and answers.

Abhidhammapitaka

Abhidhammapitaka deals with the philosophy and doctrine of Buddhism appearing in the suttas. However, it does not contain the systematic philosophical treatises. There are 7 works of Abhidhamma Pitaka which most scholars agree that don’t represent the words of Buddha himself. The 7 books are

1. Dhammasangani: It contains a matrix which lists the classification of Dhammas or ideas.
2. Vibhanga :It has 18 chapters dealing with different teachings of Buddhism. It is in 3 volumes and third volume is in question answer format.
3. Dhatukatha:It has a matrix and various topics.
4. Puggalapannatti: It has a matrix which deals with the list of the persons.
5. Kathavatthu:It contains the debates and commentary on thoese debates.
6. Yamaka :Yamaka has questions in pairs and understanding.
7. Patthana :It also contains the questions and answers.

The following graphic shows the Tripitaka of Buddhism.

5 moral precepts

 Specifically, all Buddhists live by five moral precepts, which prohibit:

• Killing living things
• Taking what is not given
• Sexual misconduct
• Lying
• Using drugs or alcohol

Four Noble Truths

 Four Noble Truths

The Four Noble Truths, which Buddha taught, are:

• The truth of suffering (dukkha)
• The truth of the cause of suffering (samudaya)
• The truth of the end of suffering (nirhodha)
• The truth of the path that frees us from suffering (magga)

Collectively, these principles explain why humans hurt and how to overcome suffering.

Eightfold Path

 Eightfold Path

The Buddha taught his followers that the end of suffering, as described in the fourth Noble Truths, could be achieved by following an Eightfold Path. 

In no particular order, the Eightfold Path of Buddhism teaches the following ideals for ethical conduct, mental disciple, and achieving wisdom:

• Right understanding (Samma ditthi)
• Right thought (Samma sankappa)
• Right speech (Samma vaca)
• Right action (Samma kammanta)
• Right livelihood (Samma ajiva)
• Right effort (Samma vayama)
• Right mindfulness (Samma sati)
• Right concentration (Samma samadhi)

Karma

 Karma

A fundamental aspect of Buddhism is the teaching that you are responsible for your own life and your future circumstances (as well as your future lives)—whether you experience happiness, misery, etc.—and that your actions and behavior can bring good or bad karma. If you are kind to others, the belief is that they will be kind in return, but more importantly, that means you will experience good karma in your present and next life. On the other hand, if you are not nice to others, you will get your just deserts in some form in the near or distant future as well as in the next life through bad karma. The point is to be careful about how you interact with others: everything you do decides what you have to contend with in transmigration.

The word karma is from Sanskrit, where, fittingly, it refers to one's work as well as one's fate; it begins appearing in English writing in the early 1800s. Hippie generations adopted the philosophical term in various senses referring to one's feelings, the emotional atmosphere, luck, or whatever is pleasant or pleasurable, and now karma is every day.

While Roth was pregnant and struggling to keep food in the house for her other children, her family helped her and Proctor through their financial struggle. "Now we're in a more positive place in our lives, and we want to turn our bad karma into good karma," Roth said.
— The Hillsdale Collegian, 22 Mar. 2018

Nirvana

 Nirvana

English readers of religious philosophy were first enlightened on the Buddhist concept of nirvana in the early 19th century. The word is a borrowing from Sanskrit that means "the act of extinguishing" and, in Buddhism, it refers to a state in which desire and one's conscious attachment to things in secular life (or, in particular, the negative emotions these desires/attachments bring about) are extinguished through disciplined meditation. Once these things are vanquished, peace, tranquility, and enlightenment are said to be fully experienced; ignorance dissolves and the truth becomes fully known.

In nirvana, a person also not only enters a transcendent state of freedom of all negativity but breaks free of the religion's beliefs in the continuous cycle of birth, death, and rebirth and the effects of karma—the force created by one's actions that is to determine what that person's next life will be like. A person who has gained insight into the true nature of existence in the cosmos and has achieved nirvana is known as an arhat, or an arahant, in some schools of Buddhism.

By the end of the 19th century, people were using nirvana figuratively for any secular state or place of great happiness and peace.

My favorite party scene is outdoors on brick-lined East 4th Street, a block of renovated buildings connected by strings of twinkling lights. It's people-watching nirvana even before you wander into the bars, clubs and restaurants….
— Fran Golden, The Los Angeles Times, 16 July 2017

SUM function

 The SUM function adds values. You can add individual values, cell references or ranges or a mix of all three.

For example:

• =SUM(A2:A10) Adds the values in cells A2:10.

• =SUM(A2:A10, C2:C10) Adds the values in cells A2:10, as well as cells C2:C10.

SUM(number1,[number2],...)

Argument name	Description
number1    Required	The first number you want to add. The number can be like 4, a cell reference like B6, or a cell range like B2:B8.
number2-255    Optional	This is the second number you want to add. You can specify up to 255 numbers in this way.

This section will discuss some best practices for working with the SUM function. Much of this can be applied to working with other functions as well.

The =1+2 or =A+B Method – While you can enter =1+2+3 or =A1+B1+C2 and get fully accurate results, these methods are error prone for several reasons:

1. Typos – Imagine trying to enter more and/or much larger values like this:

   • =14598.93+65437.90+78496.23

   Then try to validate that your entries are correct. It’s much easier to put these values in individual cells and use a SUM formula. In addition, you can format the values when they’re in cells, making them much more readable then when they’re in a formula.

   

2. #VALUE! errors from referencing text instead of numbers

   If you use a formula like:

   • =A1+B1+C1 or =A1+A2+A3

   

   Your formula can break if there are any non-numeric (text) values in the referenced cells, which will return a #VALUE! error. SUM will ignore text values and give you the sum of just the numeric values.

   

3. #REF! error from deleting rows or columns

   

   If you delete a row or column, the formula will not update to exclude the deleted row and it will return a #REF! error, where a SUM function will automatically update.

   

4. Formulas won't update references when inserting rows or columns

   

   If you insert a row or column, the formula will not update to include the added row, where a SUM function will automatically update (as long as you’re not outside of the range referenced in the formula). This is especially important if you expect your formula to update and it doesn’t, as it will leave you with incomplete results that you might not catch.

   

5. SUM with individual Cell References vs. Ranges

   Using a formula like:

   • =SUM(A1,A2,A3,B1,B2,B3)

   Is equally error prone when inserting or deleting rows within the referenced range for the same reasons. It’s much better to use individual ranges, like:

   • =SUM(A1:A3,B1:B3)

   Which will update when adding or deleting rows.